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Lots of other Scientologist-run organizations and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits using Hubbard's management teachings, and flows directory sites of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE requires those who wish to become Hubbard management speaks with to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - Scientology Perth. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This area requires expansion. You can help by adding to it. In order to assist in the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or highly regarded people. Though it has obtained some credibility as a faith in lots of nations, Scientology has also been explained as both a cult and a commercial business.

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For example, it has actually been kept in mind to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Game people it views as its opponents. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were founded guilty for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of fraud, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, harmful libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of exposure" may be viewed as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were business and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had initially demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.




Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as figured out in a web poll run by the governmental transition group soliciting public input for the inbound administration. Scientologists sign up.

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State Department has slammed Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Liberty report, based you can try this out upon the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a company, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent to the US. The word Scientology (and numerous associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on people and groups who attempt to utilize it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was produced with its head office located at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Office (later renamed the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and committed among the largest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by an organization not associated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The go to these guys crime devoted by these defendants is of a breadth and scope formerly unheard of. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and spying. No individual or company was totally free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive strategies in dealing with those it views as attempting to suppress them, referred to as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb risks in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, my website which might have sent out Cooper to prison for a prolonged term. The Church's plan was found at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.